Temperature-controlled logistics cold storage systems are critical components of the supply chain for perishable goods, such as food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and biologics. These systems ensure that temperature-sensitive products remain within a defined temperature range during transport, storage, and distribution, minimizing spoilage and maintaining quality and safety.
Core Components of Cold Chain Logistics
1. Cold Storage Facilities
Types:
Refrigerated Warehouses (0°C to 10°C)
Freezer Warehouses (-18°C or lower)
Ultra-low Temperature Freezers (-70°C for vaccines/biologics)
Key Features:
Thermal insulation panels (e.g. PIR, PUR)
High-speed insulated doors
Humidity and temperature control systems
Backup generators & energy monitoring
IoT-based temperature logging
2. Refrigerated Transport
Modes:
Reefer Trucks and Trailers
Insulated Sea Containers
Temperature-Controlled Air Cargo
Tech Features:
Real-time GPS & temperature tracking
Multi-temperature compartments
Solar-powered reefer units (energy-efficient)
3. Monitoring and Compliance
Continuous temperature data logging and alerts (e.g., using RFID or Bluetooth sensors)
Remote monitoring via cloud dashboards
Compliance with:
GDP (Good Distribution Practices)
HACCP
FDA regulations (21 CFR Part 11)
WHO PQS for vaccine cold chain
Common Applications
Food and Beverage: Dairy, meat, seafood, fruits, frozen items
Pharmaceuticals: Vaccines, insulin, biologics, blood products
Chemical Industry: Temperature-sensitive resins, solvents
Retail & eCommerce: Direct-to-consumer meal kits and frozen goods
Emerging Trends
Automation and Robotics: AGVs (automated guided vehicles), robotic palletizing in cold warehouses
Energy Efficiency: Use of phase-change materials (PCMs), solar logistics cold storage, and eco-friendly refrigerants (e.g., CO₂, ammonia)
Blockchain for Cold Chain: Ensures traceability, reduces fraud, and ensures regulatory compliance
Mobile Cold Rooms: Container-based or truck-mounted systems for last-mile delivery and pop-up vaccine storage
